Sources of Misallocation

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• 研討會日期 : 2009-06-25
• 時間 : 15:00
• 主講人 : 謝長泰教授
• 地點 : B110
• 演講者簡介 : 謝長泰教授於 1998 年自美國 University of California, Berkeley 取得經濟學博士學位，曾任 Princeton University 經濟系助理教授、University of California, Berkeley 經濟系副教授與正教授，現任 Booth School of Business, University of Chicago 正教授。謝教授在經濟成長與貿易理論的研究，成就斐然；曾經多次發表重要論文於American Economic Review、Journal of Political Economy、Quarterly Journal of Economics、Journal of Public Economics等諸多頂尖的經濟學期刊。謝教授在與經濟成長相關的國際事務上，亦相當活躍。他曾於 2008 年共同參與推動英國所成立之跨政府與學術領域的國際經濟成長組織 “International Growth Centre”，現亦為該組織的執行成員之一。
• 演講摘要 : 1. The Price of Political Opposition: Evidence from Venezuela’s Maisanta In 2004, the Chávez regime in Venezuela distributed the list of several million voters whom had attempted to remove him from office throughout the government bureaucracy, allegedly to identify and punish these voters. We match the list of petition signers distributed by the government to household survey respondents to measure the economic effects of being identified as a Chavez political opponent. We find that voters who were identified as Chavez opponents experienced a 5 percent drop in earnings and a 1.5 percentage point drop in employment rates after the voter list was released. A back-of-theenvelope calculation suggests that the loss aggregate TFP from the misallocation of workers across jobs was substantial, on the order of 3 percent of GDP. 2. Misallocation and Manufacturing TFP in China and India Resource misallocation can lower aggregate total factor productivity (TFP). We use micro data on manufacturing establishments to quantify the potential extent of misallocation in China and India compared to the U.S. Compared to the U.S., we measure sizable gaps in marginal products of labor and capital across plants within narrowly-defined industries in China and India. When capital and labor are hypothetically reallocated to equalize marginal products to the extent observed in the U.S., we calculate manufacturing TFP gains of 30-50% in China and 40-60% in India.