演講摘要 : While a sequence of incidents of hazardous products made in China raised worldwide concerns, very few studies attempt to analyze the significant agency cost of outsourcing and offshoring. This paper aim at filling the gap by modeling the incentive effects of outsourcing and offshoring, and their interactions. By redefining the firm from the perspective of internal socialism and focusing on the monitoring aspect of offshoring, we evaluate and rank the performance of three prominent organization structures observed in global supply chains: integrated device manufacturer (IDM), original design manufacturer (ODM), and original equipment manufacturer (OEM), according different offshoring arrangement. The results provide policy implications at the business level as well as the country level.